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March
Summary
This explosion was caused by the failure of a valve bonnet in a high-pressure section of a 60,000 bbl-per-day hydrocracker. A vapor cloud formed from the release, ignited, and was
Summary
This explosion was caused by the failure of a valve bonnet in a high-pressure section of a 60,000 bbl-per-day hydrocracker. A vapor cloud formed from the release, ignited, and was followed by a large fire fed by escaping hydrocarbons at high pressure. The explosion resulted in the collapse of a large section of pipe rack and destruction of a large fin-fan cooler mounted above the rack. Many pumps were destroyed and a separator was badly damaged. Approximately 300 fire fighters and 33 fire trucks participated in the two and a half-hour effort to control the fire. Foam concentrate consumed totalled 3,200 US gallons. The hydrocracker was out of service for 12 months.
[ Property Damage $113 Million. Estimated Current Value $205 Million ]
Image credit: SF Gate
April
Summary
A two-inch-diameter line carrying hydrogen gas at 3,000 psi failed at a weld, resulting in a high pressure hydrogen fire. The fire resulted in flame impingement on the calcium silicate
Summary
A two-inch-diameter line carrying hydrogen gas at 3,000 psi failed at a weld, resulting in a high pressure hydrogen fire. The fire resulted in flame impingement on the calcium silicate insulation of the skirt for a 100-feet-high reactor in a hydrocracker unit. The steel skirt for this reactor, which was between 10 and 12 feet in diameter and had a wall thickness of seven inches, subsequently failed. The falling reactor damaged air coolers and other process equipment, greatly increasing the size of the loss. At the time of the incident, the hydrocracker unit was being shut down for maintenance and the reactor was in a hydrogen purge cycle. The initial hydrogen leak is believed to have resulted from the failure of an elbow to reducer weld in the two-inch-diameter hydrogen preheat exchanger by-pass line.
[ Property Damage $90 Million. Estimated Current Value $202 Million ]
Image credit: San Francisco Chronicle